THE EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: FROM SYMBOLIC TO CONNECTIONIST SYSTEMS

Authors

  • Dr. Albert Johnson Department of Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA.
  • Dr. Maria Sanchez School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Barcelona, Spain.

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Symbolic AI, Connectionist Systems, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Cognitive Models, Neural Networks, Rule-Based Systems

Abstract

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undergone significant transformations since its inception. The journey from symbolic systems to connectionist models has defined the current landscape of AI research. Symbolic AI, based on logic and rule-based systems, has been gradually supplanted by connectionist approaches, particularly deep learning, which has revolutionized applications in areas like computer vision, natural language processing, and robotics. This article explores the historical evolution of AI, comparing and contrasting the key features of symbolic AI and connectionist systems, emphasizing their contributions to the development of intelligent systems. Through an examination of theoretical advancements and practical applications, we highlight how the fusion of both paradigms is shaping the future of AI.

References

Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Free Press.

Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Geyer, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence and the public sector—Applications and challenges. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(7), 596–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1498103

Doz, Y., & Kosonen, M. (2010). Embedding strategic agility: A leadership agenda for accelerating business model renewal. Long Range Planning, 43(2–3), 370–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.006

Lee, I., & Shin, Y. J. (2018). Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges. Business Horizons, 61(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003

Hart, S. L., & Dowell, G. (2011). A natural-resource-based view of the firm: Fifteen years after. Journal of Management, 37(5), 1464–1479. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310390219

Downloads

Published

2025-04-30

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 01 (2025): Algorithms and Intelligence

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Algorithms and Intelligence

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.